The Nitty Gritty on Gum Disease
Approximately 80% of American adults have some degree of gum disease. Gum disease can be something that is easily reversed by continued daily brushing and flossing to something more serious that can damage soft gum tissue, bone and cause tooth loss.
Gum disease can be prevented with proper oral hygiene that includes brushing at least twice daily, flossing once a day and using a dental rinse.
Bacteria from plaque deposited on teeth from left over food particles are what cause gum disease.
Plaque that is not removed by brushing and flossing within 48 hours turns to calculus (tartar). Dentist’s tools can only remove this hardened calculus.
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums by bacteria is called gingivitis, which is the first stage of gum disease. Gingivitis can be reversed with proper oral care. The symptoms of gingivitis are red, swollen gums that may bleed easily. Gingivitis that goes untreated can worsen into periodontitis.
Periodontitis
Advanced gingivitis that involves damage to the bone, loose teeth, exposed tooth root and infected tooth pockets is called periodontitis.
Bacterial toxins that are in the mouth as a result of periodontitis can spread and grow below the gum line causing a break down of the bone and connective tissue that holds the teeth in place. If left untreated the deterioration will continue causing more destruction. This leads to tooth loss.
Risk factors for Periodontitis Include:
Genetics – some individuals are genetically predisposed for gum disease
Hormonal increases in females
Illnesses like AIDS, cancer and the medicines that are used to treat them
Medications such as antidepressants, and heart medicines can decrease the flow of saliva, causing dry mouth
Smoking can lower the success rate of some periodontal treatments
Individuals who have poor health, bad oral health habits, or poor nutrition are especially at high risk for gum disease.
Men are more likely to be lax on oral hygiene than women are and teenagers often skip meals, forget to brush, or don’t brush properly and are at significant risk for gingivitis but rarely get periodontal disease.
Individuals can lower their risk for gum disease by being diligent about their dental hygiene, keep their dental appointments every 6 months, eat a well balanced diet, stay away from tobacco products and floss daily.
Americans would be able to decrease the occurrence of gum disease simply by receiving regular dental care, properly brushing their teeth, flossing on a regular basis, and getting good nutrition. Gum disease can rob you of your smile, your ability to speak properly and can lead to mouth discomfort. Knowing your risk factors may give you that nudge you need to form better dental care habits. Adults can even be good dental role models for kids giving the next generation a better chance for a healthy smile.
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